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Fluorescence in situ hybridization, commonly known as FISH, is a pivotal technique employed for identifying and characterizing cytogenetic abnormalities. This technique harnesses the complementary properties of DNA and DNA/RNA double strands, allowing for the examination of genetic materials without the need for actively dividing cells. This flexibility makes FISH a valuable tool across various fields in molecular biology and genetics.
Understanding FISH
FISH emerged as a crucial tool for physical mapping, enabling researchers to delineate genes within chromosomes. Unlike traditional methods that focus solely on dividing cells, FISH allows for the analysis of cells in a resting state, significantly broadening the scope for investigating genetic structures and abnormalities.
FISH works in harmony with other genomic analysis techniques including quantitative PCR (qPCR), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and NanoString technologies. Its high sensitivity and specificity provide a reliable means for diagnosing genetic conditions such as constitutional aneuploidies, microdeletion syndromes, and subtelomeric rearrangements.
The application of FISH is vast. It is routinely utilized in diagnosing hematological and solid tumors and has proven to be instrumental in detecting infectious microorganisms like malaria in human blood cells.
Services Offered
Creative Bioarray offers FISH services that cover a diverse range of specimen types, including non-paraffin and paraffin tissues, as well as paraffin tissue microarrays. These services include:
- Enumerating cancer-related gene copies
- Mapping DNA sequences or gene insertions
- Identifying interspecies cells in various animal models
Upon completion of the FISH analysis, clients receive a detailed report that describes the methodologies employed, summarizes the results, and provides conclusive interpretations.
Capabilities in FISH
Creative Bioarray’s FISH services allow for the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities with exceptional precision. Key capabilities include:
- Availability of commercially developed FISH assays
- FISH analysis in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), FFPE, frozen, and bone tissues
- Detection of cellular genetic aberrations such as multiploidy, translocations, amplifications, or deletions
- Custom probe design and validation services
- Disease-specific proprietary FISH panels
- Tailored analysis and reporting for various research needs
Applications of FISH
The applications of FISH are broad and varied, providing solutions for specific research needs. Notable applications include:
- Metaphase and interphase FISH for chromosomal assignment
- Fibre-FISH for high-resolution mapping
- Chromosome painting techniques
- Multi-colour karyotyping utilizing M-FISH
- RNA-FISH to examine gene expression
- ImmunoFISH, which combines FISH with immunofluorescence
- Evaluation of copy number variations
- Flow-FISH to quantify telomere lengths